Batteries in Consumer Applications

Batteries in Automotive Applications

Mass Battery system

<0.1 kg

>100 kg

Cell capacity

1 Ah

>20 Ah

System Energy

0.002 … 0.02 kWh

1 kWh (HEV) > 15 kWh (EV)

System Voltage

3.6 … 11 V

100 V

Max. Discharging Currents

<1 A

> 100 A

Max. Charging Currents

<1 A

50 A

Operating Temperature

0…40˚C

−40 … + 85˚C

Further Conditions

Dust; Splash Water

Dirt, Oil, Water, Vibrations

Typical Specified Lifetime

3 years

>10 - 15 years

Typical Tolerated Scrap Rate (Cells)

0.1%

1 ppm